Alcohol Policies in U.S. and International Context

Countries and regions within countries vary in drinking patterns, demographics, economic development, disease-burden and cultural conditions. These variations support the tailoring of alcohol policies to address the particular circumstances faced by each country and region. However, there is evidence that specific regulations, such as higher tax rates, restrictions on alcohol availability, including hours, days and locations of sales and minimum legal drinking age, are effective policy interventions regardless of jurisdiction.

Evidence for the Effectiveness of Minimum Pricing of Alcohol: A Systematic Review and Assessment Using the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causality

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Alcohol Policies and Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Among Young People in the US

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The Alcohol Policy Environment, Enforcement and Consumption in the United States

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Alcohol Policies and Alcohol-Involved Homicide Victimization in the United States

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    Babor TF, Caetano R, Casswell S, Edwards G, Giesbrecht N, Graham K, Grube J, Hill L, Holder H, Homel R, Livingston M, Österberg E, Rehm J, Room R, Rossow I. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. .
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  2. Categorizing US State Drinking Practices and Consumption Trends
    Kerr WC. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7(1), 269-283.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  3. Will Increasing Alcohol Availability by Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youths?
    Wechsler H, Nelson TF. American Journal of Public Health. 100(6), 986-992.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  4. Public Alcohol Policy: Current Directions and New Opportunities
    Rehm J, Greenfield TK. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 83(4), 640-643.
    Date: 2008 (archived)
  5. Alcohol Control Policies and Youth Alcohol Consumption: Evidence from 28 Years of Monitoring the Future
    Carpenter CSK, Deborah D, O’Malley P, and Johnston L. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. 7(1), 1-21.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  6. The State Sets the Rate: The Relationship Among State-Specific College Binge Drinking, State Binge Drinking Rates, and Selected State Alcohol Control Policies
    Nelson TF, Naimi TS, Brewer RD, Wechsler H. The American Journal of Public Health. 95(3), 441-446.
    Date: 2005 (archived)
  7. National and State Estimates of the Mean Ethanol Content of Beer Sold in the United States and their Impact on Per Capita Consumption Estimates: 1988 to 2001
    Kerr WC, Brown S, Greenfield TK. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 28(10), 1524-1532.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
  8. A Comparison of Drinking Patterns and Alcohol-Use-Related Problems in the United States and Germany, 1995
    Bloomfield K, Greenfield TK, Kraus L, Augustin R. Substance Use & Misuse. 37(4), 399-428.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
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    Room R, Bullock S. Contemporary Drug Problems. 29, 619-648.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  10. Trends in Drinking Patterns Among Adult Population in 15 European Countries, 1950 to 2000 – a Review
    Simpura J, Karlsson T. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 18 (English Supplement), S31-S53.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  11. Lowered Legal Blood Alcohol Limits for Young Drivers: Effects on Drinking, Driving, and Driving-After-Drinking Behaviors in 30 States
    Wagenaar AC, O’Malley PM, LaFond C. American Journal of Public Health. 91(5), 801-804.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
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    Greenfield TK, Midanik LT, Rogers JD. American Journal of Public Health. 90(1), 47-52.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
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    Room R, Mäkelä K. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 61, 475-483.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  14. Alcohol Policy and the Public Good
    Edwards G, Anderson P, Babor TF, Casswell S, Ferrence R, Giesbrecht N, Godfrey C, Holder HD, Lemmens P, Mäkelä K, Midanik LT, Norström T, Österberg E, Romelsjö A, Room R, Simpura J, 7 Skog O-J. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. .
    Date: 1994 (archived)
  15. Regional Diversity in United States Drinking Practices
    Hilton ME. British Journal of Addiction. 83, 519-532.
    Date: 1988 (archived)
  16. Age, Alcohol Consumption and the Experiencing of Negative Consequences of Drinking in Four Scandinavian Countries
    Hauge R, Irgens-Jensen O. British Journal of Addiction. 82, 1101-1110.
    Date: 1987 (archived)
  17. Perspectives on Prohibition and Control
    Koskikallio I, Kerr KA, Levine HG. Social History of Alcohol: Drinking and Culture in Modern Society (pp. 39-55). Alcohol Research Group. Berkeley, CA. .
    Date: 1987 (archived)
  18. Alcohol Monopolies in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities
    Room R. Journal of Public Health Policy. 8(4), 509-530.
    Date: 1987 (archived)
  19. The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption, Alcohol Intoxication, and Negative Consequences of Drinking in Four Scandinavian Countries
    Hauge R, Irgens-Jensen O. British Journal of Addiction. 81, 513-524.
    Date: 1986 (archived)
  20. The Collectivity of Drinking Cultures: A theory of the Distribution of Alcohol Consumption
    Skog O-J. British Journal of Addiction. 80, 83-99.
    Date: 1985 (archived)
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