Age Restriction
Minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws of 21 in the U.S. refer to a minimum age required to purchase alcohol in a state and measures aimed at preventing people under the minimum age from accessing alcohol. MLDA laws have significantly reduced drinking and drinking-related problems among adolescents and young adults, including education drop-out rates, car crashes, crime, injuries, assaults and suicides. There is also evidence that the relaxation of age restrictions contributes to heavier use later in life.
- The Minimum Legal Drinking Age and Public HealthCarpenter C, Dobkin C. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 25(2), 133-156.Date: 2011 (archived)
- Turning 21 and the Associated Changes in Drinking and Driving After Among College StudentsFromme K, Wetherill RR, Neal DJ. Journal of American College Health. 59(1), 21-27.Date: 2011 (archived)
- Heavy Episodic Drinking on College Campuses: Does Changing the Legal Drinking Age Make a Difference?Rasul JW, Rommel RG, Jacquez GM, Fitzpatrick BG, Ackleh AS, Simonsen N, . Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 72(1), 15-23.Date: 2011 (archived)
- The Impact of Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws on Alcohol Consumption, Smoking, and Marijuana Use: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design Using Exact Date of BirthYörük BK, Yörük CE. Journal of Health Economics. 30(4), 740-752.Date: 2011 (archived)
- Alcohol Policy, Social Context, and Infant Health: The Impact of Minimum Legal Drinking AgeZhang N, Caine E. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 8(9), 3796-3809.Date: 2011 (archived)
- The Drinking Age, Alcohol Consumption, and CrimeCarpenter C, Dobkin C. [Accessed: 2012-07-18. Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/69FtD6Dop]. .Date: 2010 (archived)
- Community Norms, Enforcement of Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws, Personal Beliefs and Underage Drinking: An Explanatory ModelLipperman-Kreda S, Grube JW, Paschall MJ. Journal of Community Health. 35(3), 249-257.Date: 2010 (archived)
- The Fatal Toll of Driving to Drink: The Effect of Minimum Legal Drinking Age Evasion on Traffic FatalitiesLovenheim MF, Slemrod J. Journal of Health Economics. 29(1), 62-77.Date: 2010 (archived)
- The Effects of Minimum Legal Drinking Age 21 Laws on Alcohol-Related Driving in the United StatesMcCartt AT, Hellinga LA, Kirley BB. Journal of Safety Research. 41(2), 173-181.Date: 2010 (archived)
- Will Increasing Alcohol Availability by Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youths?Wechsler H, Nelson TF. American Journal of Public Health. 100(6), 986-992.Date: 2010 (archived)
- The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the Minimum Drinking AgeCarpenter C, Dobkin C. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 1(1), 164-182.Date: 2009 (archived)
- Long-Term Effects of Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws on Adult Alcohol Use and Drinking FatalitiesKaestner R, Yarnoff B. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series (No. 15439) [Accessed: 2012-07-26. Archived By Webcite® At Http: //Www.Webcitation.Org/69Rxge249]. .Date: 2009 (archived)
- Does the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Save Lives?Miron JA, Tetelbaum E. Economic Inquiry. 47(2), 317-336.Date: 2009 (archived)
- Long-Term Effects of Minimum Drinking Age Laws on Past-Year Alcohol and Drug Use DisordersNorberg KE, Bierut LJ, Grucza RA. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 33(12), 2180-2190.Date: 2009 (archived)
- The Relationship of Underage Drinking Laws to Reductions in Drinking Drivers in Fatal Crashes in the United StatesFell JC, Fisher DA, Voas RB, Blackman K, Tippetts AS. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 40, 1430-1440.Date: 2008 (archived)
- Old Enough for a Beer?Rossow I, Karlsson T, Raitasalo K. Addiction. 103(9), 1468-1473.Date: 2008 (archived)
- Likelihood of Illegal Alcohol Sales at Professional Sport StadiumsToomey TL, Erickson DJ, Lenk KM, Kilian G. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 32(11), 1-6.Date: 2008 (archived)
- Alcohol Outlets, Youth Drinking, and Self-Reported Ease of Access to Alcohol: A Constraints and Opportunities ApproachTreno AJ, Ponicki WR, Remer LG, Gruenewald PJ. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 32(8), 1372-1379.Date: 2008 (archived)
- Status of 14 Under-Age-21 Drinking Laws in the United StatesFell JCV, Robert B; Fisher Deborah A. Paper presented at the Traffic Safety and Alcohol Regulation, Irvine, CA. .Date: 2007 (archived)
- [Editorial] “Drinking is Fun” and “There’s Nothing You Can Do About It”: The Problem with the 21-Year-Old Minimum Drinking AgeFennell R. Journal of American College Health. 56(3), 213-215.Date: 2007 (archived)