Costs

Alcohol use has significant social and economic costs measured by premature deaths, poor quality of life, disability-adjusted life years, lost earnings and productivity and the burden placed on health care, enforcement and the criminal justice system. These costs, when assigned a dollar value, far exceed revenue generated from alcohol taxes and sales, and provide a clearer understanding of alcohol’s burden on society as a whole. 

  1. Economic Costs of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in the United States, 2006
    Bouchery EE, Harwood HJ, Sacks JJ, Simon CJ, Brewer RD. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 41(5), 516-524.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  2. Measuring Costs of Alcohol Harm to Others: A Review of the Literature
    Navarro HJ, Doran CM, Shakeshaft AP. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 114(2-3), 87-99.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  3. Costs of FASD
    Thanh NX, Jonsson E, Dennett L, Jacobs P. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Management and Policy Perspectives of FASD (pp. 45-68). New York: Wiley. .
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  4. Effectiveness and Cost- Effectiveness of Policies and Programs to Reduce the Harm Caused by Alcohol
    Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. The Lancet. 373(9682), 2234-2246.
    Date: 2009 (archived)
  5. Global Burden of Disease and Injury and Economic Cost Attributable to Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Use Disorders
    Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. The Lancet. 373(9682), 2223-2233.
    Date: 2009 (archived)
  6. Employer Costs of Alcohol-Involved Injuries
    Zaloshnja E, Miller TR, Hendrie D, Galvin D. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 50(2), 136-142.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  7. Estimate of the Commercial Value of Underage Drinking and Adult Abusive and Dependent Drinking to the Alcohol Industry
    Foster SE, Vaughan RD, Foster WH, Califano JA, Jr. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 160(5), 473-478.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  8. Societal Costs of Underage Drinking
    Miller TR, Levy DT, Spicer RS, Taylor DM. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 67(4), 519-528.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  9. Alcohol Consumption in Older Adults and Medicare Costs
    Mukamal KJ, Lumley T, Luepker RV, Lapin P, Mittleman MA, McBean AM, . Health Care Financing Review. 27(3), 49-61.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  10. Alcohol Consumption, Risk of Injury, and High-Cost Medical Care
    Salomé HJ, French MT, Matzger H, Weisner C. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research. 32(4), 368-380.
    Date: 2005 (archived)
  11. Reducing the Global Burden of Hazardous Alcohol Use: A Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
    Chisholm D, Rehm J, Van Ommeren M, Monteiro M. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 65, 782-793.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
  12. Alcohol Consumption and Expenditures for Underage Drinking and Adult Excessive Drinking
    Foster SE, Vaughan RD, Foster WH, Califano JA. Journal of the American Medical Association. 289(8), 989-995.
    Date: 2003 (archived)
  13. The Costs of Screening and Brief Intervention for Risky Alcohol Use
    Zarkin GA, Bray JW, Davis KL, Babor TF. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 64, 849-857.
    Date: 2003 (archived)
  14. Understanding the Costs and Treatment of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. (Practical Pharmacoeconomics)
    Zachry WM, III Grizzle AJ, Munch EA. Formulary. 37(8), 407-416.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  15. Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Health Care Costs in an HMO
    Hunkeler E, Hung YY, Rice DP, Weisner C, Hu TW. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 64(2), 181-190.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  16. Two Methods of Estimating Health Costs Linked to Alcoholism in France (With a Note on Social Costs)
    Reynaud M, Gaudin-Colombel AF, Le Pen C. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 36(1), 89-95.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  17. Updating Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States: Estimates, Update Methods, and Data
    Harwood HJ. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md.. .
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  18. Alcoholism Treatment and Medical Costs from Project Match
    Holder HD, Cisler RA, Longabaugh R, Stout RL, Treno AJ, Zweben A. Addiction. 95(7), 999-1013.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  19. The Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States: 1992
    Harwood H, Fountain D, Livermore G. National Institute on Drug and Alcohol Abuse (NIH Publication Number 98-4327). Washington, DC. .
    Date: 1998 (archived)
  20. Social Costs of Alcohol
    Sindelar J. Journal of Drug Issues. 28(3), 763- 780.
    Date: 1998 (archived)
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