Costs

Alcohol use has significant social and economic costs measured by premature deaths, poor quality of life, disability-adjusted life years, lost earnings and productivity and the burden placed on health care, enforcement and the criminal justice system. These costs, when assigned a dollar value, far exceed revenue generated from alcohol taxes and sales, and provide a clearer understanding of alcohol’s burden on society as a whole. 

  1. Understanding the Costs and Treatment of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. (Practical Pharmacoeconomics)
    Zachry WM, III Grizzle AJ, Munch EA. Formulary. 37(8), 407-416.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  2. Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Health Care Costs in an HMO
    Hunkeler E, Hung YY, Rice DP, Weisner C, Hu TW. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 64(2), 181-190.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  3. Two Methods of Estimating Health Costs Linked to Alcoholism in France (With a Note on Social Costs)
    Reynaud M, Gaudin-Colombel AF, Le Pen C. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 36(1), 89-95.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  4. Updating Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States: Estimates, Update Methods, and Data
    Harwood HJ. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md.. .
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  5. Alcoholism Treatment and Medical Costs from Project Match
    Holder HD, Cisler RA, Longabaugh R, Stout RL, Treno AJ, Zweben A. Addiction. 95(7), 999-1013.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  6. The Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States: 1992
    Harwood H, Fountain D, Livermore G. National Institute on Drug and Alcohol Abuse (NIH Publication Number 98-4327). Washington, DC. .
    Date: 1998 (archived)
  7. Social Costs of Alcohol
    Sindelar J. Journal of Drug Issues. 28(3), 763- 780.
    Date: 1998 (archived)
  8. The External Costs of Alcohol Abuse
    Heien DM, Pittman DJ. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 54(3), 302-307.
    Date: 1993 (archived)
  9. The Social Cost of Alcohol Abuse in Japan
    Nakamura K, Tanaka A, Takano T. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 54(Special Supplement), 618-625.
    Date: 1993 (archived)
  10. The Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence: 1990
    Rice DP. Alcohol Health and Research World. 17(1), 10-11.
    Date: 1993 (archived)
  11. Estimates of Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse and Mental Illness, 1985 and 1988
    Rice DP, Kelman S, Miller LS. Public Health Reports. 106(3), 280-291.
    Date: 1991 (archived)
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