Mortality and Morbidity

Even in low and moderate amounts, drinking alcohol increases the risk of chronic diseases, such as various cancers, and coronary heart disease, illnesses, injuries and disabilities, and causes harms that extend beyond the drinker to include family, friends and the larger community. Estimates of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality rates also consider quantity and frequency of consumption to determine how drinking affects a person’s health. 

  1. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Management and Policy Perspectives of FASD
    Riley EP, Clarren S, Weinberg J, Jonsson E. New York: Wiley & Sons. .
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  2. Prevalence and Epidemiologic Characteristics of FASD from Various Research Methods with An Emphasis on Recent In-School Studies
    May PA, Gossage JP, Kalberg WO, Robinson LK, Buckley D, Manning M, Hoyme HE. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 15(3), 176-192.
    Date: 2009 (archived)
  3. Estimating the Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Summary
    May PA, Gossage PJ. Alcohol Research & Health. 25(3), 159-167.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  4. Neuropsychological Deficits in Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Clinical Findings
    Olson HC, Feldman JJ, Streissguth AP, Sampson PD& Bookstein FL. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 22(9), 1998–2012. .
    Date: 1998 (archived)
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