Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Youth Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks in Canada: Assessing the Role of Energy Drinks
    Doggett, A, Qian, W, Cole, AG and Leatherdale, ST. Preventive medicine reports. 14, 100865.
    Date: 2019
  2. Original Quantitative Research-Age at First Alcohol Use Predicts Current Alcohol Use, Binge Drinking and Mixing of Alcohol with Energy Drinks among Ontario Grade 12 Students in the Compass Study
    Holligan, SD, Battista, K, de Groh, M, Jiang, Y and Leatherdale, ST. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada: research, policy and practice. 39(11), 298.
    Date: 2019
  3. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks (Amed) and Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences among South Korean College Students
    Oh, SS, Ju, YJ, Park, E-C and Jang, S-I. International journal of environmental research and public health. 16(7), 1127.
    Date: 2019
  4. Alcohol‐Induced Impairment of Balance Is Antagonized by Energy Drinks
    Marczinski, CA, Fillmore, MT, Stamates, AL and Maloney, SF. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research. 42(1), 144-152.
    Date: 2018
  5. Energy Drinks and Binge Drinking Predict College Students’ Sleep Quantity, Quality, and Tiredness
    Patrick, ME, Griffin, J, Huntley, ED and Maggs, JL. Behavioral sleep medicine. 16(1), 92-105.
    Date: 2018
  6. High-Risk Driving Behaviors among 12th Grade Students: Differences between Alcohol-Only and Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink Users
    Williams Jr, RD, Housman, JM, Woolsey, CL and Sather, TE. Substance use & misuse. 53(1), 137-142.
    Date: 2018
  7. Energy Drinks and Alcohol-Related Risk among Young Adults
    Caviness, CM, Anderson, BJ and Stein, MD. Substance abuse. 38(4), 376-381.
    Date: 2017
  8. Faster Self-Paced Rate of Drinking for Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks Versus Alcohol Alone
    Marczinski, CA, Fillmore, MT, Maloney, SF and Stamates, AL. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 31(2), 154.
    Date: 2017
  9. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks and Risk of Injury: A Systematic Review
    Roemer, A and Stockwell, T. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs. 78(2), 175-183.
    Date: 2017
  10. Energy Drink and Alcohol Mixed Energy Drink Use among High School Adolescents: Association with Risk Taking Behavior, Social Characteristics
    Scalese, M, Denoth, F, Siciliano, V, Bastiani, L, Cotichini, R, Cutilli, A and Molinaro, S. Addictive behaviors. 72, 93-99.
    Date: 2017
  11. A UK Student Survey Investigating the Effects of Consuming Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks on Overall Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences
    Johnson, SJ, Alford, C, Stewart, K and Verster, JC. Preventive medicine reports. 4, 496-501.
    Date: 2016
  12. Motives for Mixing Alcohol with Energy Drinks and Other Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Its Effects on Overall Alcohol Consumption among Uk Students
    Johnson, SJ, Alford, C, Verster, JC and Stewart, K. Appetite. 96, 588-597.
    Date: 2016
  13. Correlates of Use of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks among Youth across 10 Us Metropolitan Areas
    Khan, SR, Cottler, LB and Striley, CW. Drug and alcohol dependence. 163, 236-241.
    Date: 2016
  14. Problematic Drinking among Postgraduate Students: Binge Drinking, Prepartying, and Mixing Alcohol with Energy Drinks
    Rutledge, PC, Bestrashniy, JR and Nelson, TF. Substance use & misuse. 51(8), 972-982.
    Date: 2016
  15. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Associations with Risky Drinking and Functioning in High School
    Tucker, JS, Troxel, WM, Ewing, BA and D’Amico, EJ. Drug and alcohol dependence. 167, 36-41.
    Date: 2016
  16. Mixing Alcohol with Energy Drink (Amed) and Total Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
    Verster, JC, Benson, S, Johnson, SJ, Scholey, A and Alford, C. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 31(1), 2-10.
    Date: 2016
  17. Alcohol and Energy Drink Use among Adolescents Seeking Emergency Department Care
    Bonar, EE, Cunningham, RM, Polshkova, S, Chermack, ST, Blow, FC and Walton, MA. Addictive behaviors. 43, 11-17.
    Date: 2015
  18. Energy Drinks, Alcohol, Sports and Traumatic Brain Injuries among Adolescents
    Ilie, G, Boak, A, Mann, RE, Adlaf, EM, Hamilton, H, Asbridge, M, Rehm, J and Cusimano, MD. PLoS One. 10(9), e0135860.
    Date: 2015
  19. Mode of Daily Caffeine Consumption among Adolescents and the Practice of Mixing Alcohol with Energy Drinks: Relationships to Drunkenness
    Kristjansson, AL, Mann, MJ, Sigfusdottir, ID and James, JE. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs. 76(3), 397-405.
    Date: 2015
  20. Can Energy Drinks Increase the Desire for More Alcohol?
    Marczinski, CA. Advances in nutrition. 6(1), 96-101.
    Date: 2015
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