Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Young Australians and Alcohol: The Acceptability of Ready-To-Drink (RTD) Alcoholic Beverages Among 12-30-Year-Olds
    Copeland J, Stevenson RJ, Gates P, Dillon P. Addiction. 102(11), 1740- 1746.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  2. A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Among College Students
    Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. Nutrition Journal. 6(35), 7.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  3. Intake of Energy Drinks in Association with Alcoholic Beverages in a Cohort of Students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina
    Oteri A, Salvo F, Caputi AP, Calapai G. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(10), 1677-1680.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  4. Alcohol, Energy Drinks, and Youth: A Dangerous Mix
    Simon M, Mosher J. San Rafael, CA: Marin Institute. .
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  5. Effects of Energy Drink Ingestion on Alcohol Intoxication
    Ferreira SE, de Mello MT, Pompeia S, de Souza-Formigoni ML. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(4), 598-605.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  6. Clubgoers and their Trendy Cocktails: Implications of Mixing Caffeine into Alcohol on Information Processing and Subjective Reports of Intoxication
    Marczinski CA, Fillmore MT. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 14(4), 450-458.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  7. Does an Energy Drink Modify the Effects of Alcohol in a Maximal Effort Test?
    Ferreira SE, de Mello MT, Rossi MV, Souza-Formigoni ML. Alcoholism: Clinical and Eperimental Research. 28(9), 1408-1412.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
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