Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Risks of Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol
    Howland J, Rohsenow DJ. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 309(3), 245-246.
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  2. Associations Between Energy Drink Consumption and Alcohol Use Behaviors Among College Students
    Velazquez CE, Poulos NS, Latimer LA, Pasch KE. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 123(1-3), 167-172.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  3. Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol: Misconceptions, Myths, and Facts
    Verster JC, Aufricht C, Alford C. International Journal of General Medicine. 5, 187-198.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  4. From Alcoholic Energy Drinks to Supersized Alcopops: A Rare Victory in Protecting Youth from Big Alcohol
    Alcohol Justice. San Rafael, CA [Accessed: 2012-07-20. Archived By Webcite® At Http: //Www. Webcitation.Org/69Itjzhfn].. 11-Jan.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  5. Energy Drink Consumption and Increased Risk for Alcohol Dependence
    Arria AM, Caldeira KM, Kasperski SJ, Vincent KB, Griffiths RR, O’Grady KE. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 35 (2), 1-11.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  6. Drinking Patterns and Risk Behaviors Associated with Combined Alcohol and Energy Drink Consumption in College Drinkers
    Brache K, Stockwell T. Addictive Behaviors. 8-Jan.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  7. Adolescents and Young Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department Intoxicated from a Caffeinated Alcoholic Beverage: A Case Series
    Cleary K, Levine DA, Hoffman RS. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 3-Jan.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  8. Using Taxes to Curb Drinking: A Report Card on the Australian Government’s Alcopops Tax
    Doran CM, Digiusto E. Drug and Alcohol Review. 30(6), 677-680.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  9. “Vodka Energy”: Too Much for the Adolescent Nephron?
    Schoffl I, Kothmann JF, Schoffl V, Rupprecht HD, Rupprecht T. Pediatrics. 5-Jan.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  10. Problematic Use of Energy Drinks by Adolescents
    Kaminer Y. Child Adolescent Psychiatric Clin N Am. 19, 643-650.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  11. Event-Level Analyses of Energy Drink Consumption and Alcohol Intoxication in Bar Patrons
    Thombs DL, O’Mara RJ, Tsukamoto M, Rossheim ME, Weiler RM, Merves ML, Goldberger BA. Addictive Behaviors. 35, 325-330.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  12. The Effects of Energy Drinks Alone and with Alcohol on Neuropsychological Functioning
    Curry K, Stasio MJ. Human Psychopharmacology. 24(6), 473-481.
    Date: 2009 (archived)
  13. Caffeinated Energy Drinks–A Growing Problem
    Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 99(1-3), 1-10.
    Date: 2009 (archived)
  14. Influence of Energy Drinks and Alcohol on Post-Exercise Heart Rate Recovery and Heart Rate Variability
    Wiklund U, Karlsson M, Ostrom M, Messner T. Clinical Phsiology and Functional Imaging. 29(1), 74-80.
    Date: 2009 (archived)
  15. Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-Risk Drinking, and Alcohol Related Consequences Among College Students
    O’Brien MC, McCoy TP, Rhodes SD, Wagoner A. Academic Emergency Medicine. 15(5), 453-460.
    Date: 2008 (archived)
  16. Young Australians and Alcohol: The Acceptability of Ready-To-Drink (RTD) Alcoholic Beverages Among 12-30-Year-Olds
    Copeland J, Stevenson RJ, Gates P, Dillon P. Addiction. 102(11), 1740- 1746.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  17. A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Among College Students
    Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. Nutrition Journal. 6(35), 7.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  18. Intake of Energy Drinks in Association with Alcoholic Beverages in a Cohort of Students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina
    Oteri A, Salvo F, Caputi AP, Calapai G. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(10), 1677-1680.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  19. Alcohol, Energy Drinks, and Youth: A Dangerous Mix
    Simon M, Mosher J. San Rafael, CA: Marin Institute. .
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  20. Effects of Energy Drink Ingestion on Alcohol Intoxication
    Ferreira SE, de Mello MT, Pompeia S, de Souza-Formigoni ML. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(4), 598-605.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
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