Price

Alcohol taxes and mark-ups in control states, are a way for governments to raise money to offset the societal cost and harm of alcohol use and are generally well-supported by the public. Minimum unit pricing and setting the price floor in control states has also been found to be an effective public health intervention when applied along with taxes, but this policy has not been tried in the U.S. Such strategies are found to increase alcohol prices, lower consumption and reduce alcohol-related harms such as drinking and driving, crime, violence and premature deaths.

Public Opinion and Policy
Consumption & Consumer Choice
Mortality and Morbidity
Alcohol Price and Other Drugs
Government Control
  1. The Virtuous Tax: Lifesaving and Crime-Prevention Effects of the 1991 Federal Alcohol-Tax Increase
    Cook PJ, Durrance CP. Journal of Health Economics. 32(1), 261-267.
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  2. Comparing Alcohol Affordability in 65 Cities Worldwide
    Kan M-Y, Lau M. Drug and Alcohol Review. 32(1), 19-26.
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  3. United States Alcohol Affordability and Real Tax Rates, 1950–2011
    Kerr WC Patterson D Greenfield TK Jones AS McGeary KA Terza JV . American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 44(5):459-64.
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  4. Impacts of Alcohol Duty Reductions on Cardiovascular Mortality Among Elderly Chinese: A 10-Year Time Series Analysis
    Pun VC Lin H Kim JH Yip BHK Chung VCH Wong MCS . J Epidemiol Community Health 67(6):514-518. .
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  5. Differences in Liquor Prices Between Control State-Operated and License-State Retail Outlets in the United States
    Siegel M, DeJong W, Albers AB, Naimi TS, Jernigan DH. Addiction. 108(2), 339-347.
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  6. Affordability of Alcohol as a Key Driver of Alcohol Demand in New Zealand: A Co-Integration Analysis
    Wall M, Casswell S. Addiction. 108(1), 72-79.
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  7. The Effect of Alcohol Availability on Marijuana Use: Evidence from the Minimum Legal Drinking Age
    Crost B, Guerrero S. Journal of Health Economics. 31(1), 112-121.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  8. The Impact of a 25-Cent- Per-Drink Alcohol Tax Increase
    Daley JI, Stahre MA, Chaloupka FJ, Naimi TS. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 42(4), 382-389.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  9. What United States Data Should Be Used to Measure the Price Elasticity of Demand for Alcohol?
    Ruhm C, Jones AS, McGeary KA, Kerr WC, Terza JV, Greenfield TK . Journal of Health Economics. 31(6):851-862.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  10. Alcohol Taxation Policy in Thailand: Implications for Other Low- to Middle-Income Countries
    Sornpaisarn B, Shield KD, Rehm J. Addiction. 107(8), 1372-1384.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  11. The Raising of Minimum Alcohol Prices in Saskatchewan, Canada: Impacts on Consumption and Implications for Public Health
    Stockwell T, Zhao J, Giesbrecht N, Macdonald S, Thomas G, Wettlaufer A. American Journal of Public Health. 102(12), e103-e110.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  12. Does the Response to Alcohol Taxes Differ Across Racial/Ethnic Groups?
    An R, Sturm R. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics. 14(1), 13-23.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  13. Using Taxes to Curb Drinking: A Report Card on the Australian Government’s Alcopops Tax
    Doran CM, Digiusto E. Drug and Alcohol Review. 30(6), 677-680.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  14. The Relationship Between Alcohol Problems, Perceived Risks and Attitudes Toward Alcohol Policy in Canada
    Macdonald S, Stockwell T, Luo J. Drug and Alcohol Review. 30(6), 652-658.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  15. The Effect of Alcoholic Beverage Excise Tax on Alcohol-Attributable Injury Mortalities
    Son CH, Topyan K. The European Journal of Health Economics. 12(2), 103-113.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  16. The Pricing Policy of Alcohol Monopolies: The Case of Sweden and Quebec
    Spiering C. Unpublished Masters, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam. .
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  17. The Effects of Prices on Alcohol Use and Its Consequences
    Xu X, Chaloupka FJ. Alcohol Research and Health. 34(2), 236-245.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  18. The Price of a Drink: Levels of Consumption and Price Paid Per Unit of Alcohol by Edinburgh’s Ill Drinkers with a Comparison to Wider Alcohol Sales in Scotland
    Black H, Gill J, Chick J. Addiction. 106(4), 729-736.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  19. Changes in Alcohol-Related Problems After Alcohol Policy Changes in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
    Bloomfield K, Wicki M, Gustafsson N-K, Mäkelä P, Room R. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 71(1), 32-40.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  20. The Effectiveness of Tax Policy Interventions for Reducing Excessive Alcohol Consumptions and Related Harms
    Elder RW, Lawrence B, Ferguson A, Naimi TS, Brewer RD, Chattopadhyay SK, . American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 38(2), 217-229.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
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