Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-Risk Drinking, and Alcohol Related Consequences Among College Students
    O’Brien MC, McCoy TP, Rhodes SD, Wagoner A. Academic Emergency Medicine. 15(5), 453-460.
    Date: 2008 (archived)
  2. Young Australians and Alcohol: The Acceptability of Ready-To-Drink (RTD) Alcoholic Beverages Among 12-30-Year-Olds
    Copeland J, Stevenson RJ, Gates P, Dillon P. Addiction. 102(11), 1740- 1746.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  3. NSMS 37: Estimating Alcohol Consumption from Survey Data: Updated Method of Converting Volumes to Units
    Goddard E. UK Office for National Statistics. .
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  4. Distribution of Alcohol Consumption and Expenditures and the Impact of Improved Measurement on Coverage of Alcohol Sales in the 2000 National Alcohol Survey
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(10), 1714-1722.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  5. Population-Level Relationships Between Alcohol Consumption Measures and Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in United States Time-Series
    Kerr WC, Ye Y. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(11), 1913-1919.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  6. A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Among College Students
    Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. Nutrition Journal. 6(35), 7.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  7. Liver Cirrhosis and Alcohol Consumption in the U.K.: Time Series Modelling of Recent Trends
    Mills TC. Statistical Modeling. 7(1), 91-103.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  8. Intake of Energy Drinks in Association with Alcoholic Beverages in a Cohort of Students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina
    Oteri A, Salvo F, Caputi AP, Calapai G. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(10), 1677-1680.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  9. Alcohol, Energy Drinks, and Youth: A Dangerous Mix
    Simon M, Mosher J. San Rafael, CA: Marin Institute. .
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  10. Relationship of Alcohol Consumption and Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed with Plasma Lipid Levels: Differences Between Whites and African Americans of the Aric Study
    Volcik KA, Ballantyne CM, Fuchs FD, Sharrett AR, Boerwinkle E. Annals of Epidemiology. .
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  11. Using Drink Size to Talk About Drinking During Pregnancy: Early Start Plus
    Witbrodt J, Kaskutas LA, Diehl S, Armstrong MA, Escobar GJ, Taillac C, . Journal of Addictions Nursing. 18(4), 199-206.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  12. Average Volume of Alcohol Consumed, Type of Beverage, Drinking Pattern and the Risk of Death from All Causes
    Baglietto L, English DR, Hopper JL, Powles J, Giles GG. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 41(6), 664-671.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  13. Alcohol and Cancer
    Boffetta P, Hashibe M. The Lancet Oncology. 7(2), 149-156.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  14. Effects of Energy Drink Ingestion on Alcohol Intoxication
    Ferreira SE, de Mello MT, Pompeia S, de Souza-Formigoni ML. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(4), 598-605.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  15. Type of Alcoholic Beverage and the Risk of Laryngeal Cancer
    Garavello W, Bosetti C, Gallus S, Maso LD, Negri E, Franceschi S, . European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 15(1), 69-73.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  16. Alcohol Intake, Consumption Pattern and Beverage Type, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
    Hodge AM, English DR, O’Dea K, Giles GG. Diabetic Medicine. 23(6), 690-697.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  17. Food Buying Habits of People Who Buy Wine or Beer: Cross Sectional Study
    Johansen D, Friis K, Skovenborg E, Gronbark M. British Medical Journal. 332(7540), 519-522.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  18. How Many Drinks Does It Take You to Feel Drunk?
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Midanik LT. Addiction. 101(10), 1428-1437.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  19. Estimates of the Mean Alcohol Concentration of the Spirits, Wine, and Beer Sold in the United States and Per Capita Consumption: 1950 to 2002
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Tujague J. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(9), 1583-1591.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  20. The Alcohol Content of Wine Consumed in the United States and Per Capita Consumption: New Estimates Reveal Different Trends
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Tujague J, Brown SE. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(3), 516-522.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
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