Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Influence of Different Types of Alcoholic Beverages on Self-Reported Health Status
    Theobald H, Johansson SE, Engfeldt P. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 38(6), 583-588.
    Date: 2003 (archived)
  2. Waist Circumference in Relation to History of Amount and Type of Alcohol: Results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study
    Vadstrup ES, Petersen L, Sorensen T, Gronbaek M. International Journal of Obesity. 27(2), 238-246.
    Date: 2003 (archived)
  3. Alcoholic Beverage Preference, Diet, and Health Habits in the UNC Alumni Heart Study
    Barefoot JC, Gronbaek M, Feaganes JR, McPherson RS, Williams RB, Siegler IC. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76(2), 466-472.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  4. Beverage Choice Among Native American and African American Urban Women
    Graves K, Kaskutas LA. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 26(2), 218-222.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  5. Alcoholic Beverage Preference and Risk of Becoming a Heavy Drinker
    Jensen MK, Andersen AT, Sorensen TI, Becker U, Thorsen T, Gronbaek M. Epidemiology. 13(2), 127-132.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  6. Where Have All the Winos Gone?
    Klatsky AL. Epidemiology. 13(2), 120-122.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  7. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in 10 European Countries Participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (Epic) Project
    Sieri S, Agudo A, Kesse E, Klipstein-Grobusch K, San-Jose B, Welch AA, . Public Health Nutrition. 5(6B), 1287-1296.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  8. Intake of Wine, Beer, and Spirits and the Risk of Clinical Common Cold
    Takkouche B, Regueira-Mendez C, Garcia-Closas R, Figueiras A, Gestal-Otero JJ, Hernan MA. American Journal of Epidemiology. 155(9), 853-858.
    Date: 2002 (archived)
  9. How Does the Body Deal with Energy from Alcohol?
    Buemann B, Astrup A. Nutrition. 17(7-8), 638-641.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  10. Factors Influencing the Relation Between Alcohol and Mortality—With Focus on Wine
    Gronbaek M. Journal of Internal Medicine. 250(4), 291-308.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  11. Risk of Injury and the Consumption of Different Types of Beverage: is there An Association?
    Plugge E, Fletcher L, Stewart-Brown S. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 55(11), 789-790.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  12. Nutritional and Health Benefits of Beer
    Denke MA. The American Journal of Medical Sciences. 320(5), 320-326.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  13. Drinking and Driving: Explaining Beverage-Specific Risks
    Gruenewald PJ, Johnson FW, Millar A, Mitchell PR. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 61(4), 515-523.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  14. Influence of Dose and Beverage Type Instructions on Alcohol Outcome Expectancies of DUI of Offenders
    Guarna J, Rosenberg H. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 61(2), 341-344.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  15. An Alternative to Standard Drinks as a Measure of Alcohol Consumption
    Kaskutas LA, Graves K. Journal of Substance Abuse. 12(1-2), 67-78.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  16. Beverage-Specific Alcohol Consumption and Cirrhosis Mortality in a Group of English-Speaking Beer-Drinking Countries
    Kerr WC, Fillmore KM, Marvy P. Addiction. 95(3), 339-346.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  17. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Middle-Aged Men from France and Northern Ireland. the Prime Study
    Marques-Vidal P, Arveiler D, Evans A, Montaye M, Bingham A, Ruidavets JB, . European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 54(4), 321-328.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  18. Does the Concept of a Standard Drink Apply to Viticultural Societies?
    Gual A, Martos AR, Lligona A, Llopis JJ. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 34(2), 153-160.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  19. Specific Alcoholic Beverages and Physical and Mental Health Among Adolescents
    Hansell S, White HR, Vali FM. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 60(2), 209-218.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  20. Moderate Drinking Reduced Risk of Heart Disease
    Klatsky AL. Alcohol Research & Health. 23(1), 15-23.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
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