Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Risk of Injury and the Consumption of Different Types of Beverage: is there An Association?
    Plugge E, Fletcher L, Stewart-Brown S. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 55(11), 789-790.
    Date: 2001 (archived)
  2. Nutritional and Health Benefits of Beer
    Denke MA. The American Journal of Medical Sciences. 320(5), 320-326.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  3. Drinking and Driving: Explaining Beverage-Specific Risks
    Gruenewald PJ, Johnson FW, Millar A, Mitchell PR. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 61(4), 515-523.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  4. Influence of Dose and Beverage Type Instructions on Alcohol Outcome Expectancies of DUI of Offenders
    Guarna J, Rosenberg H. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 61(2), 341-344.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  5. An Alternative to Standard Drinks as a Measure of Alcohol Consumption
    Kaskutas LA, Graves K. Journal of Substance Abuse. 12(1-2), 67-78.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  6. Beverage-Specific Alcohol Consumption and Cirrhosis Mortality in a Group of English-Speaking Beer-Drinking Countries
    Kerr WC, Fillmore KM, Marvy P. Addiction. 95(3), 339-346.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  7. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Middle-Aged Men from France and Northern Ireland. the Prime Study
    Marques-Vidal P, Arveiler D, Evans A, Montaye M, Bingham A, Ruidavets JB, . European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 54(4), 321-328.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  8. Does the Concept of a Standard Drink Apply to Viticultural Societies?
    Gual A, Martos AR, Lligona A, Llopis JJ. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 34(2), 153-160.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  9. Specific Alcoholic Beverages and Physical and Mental Health Among Adolescents
    Hansell S, White HR, Vali FM. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 60(2), 209-218.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  10. Moderate Drinking Reduced Risk of Heart Disease
    Klatsky AL. Alcohol Research & Health. 23(1), 15-23.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  11. Wine and Good Subjective Health
    Poikolainen K, Vartiainen E. American Journal of Epidemiology. 150(1), 47-50.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  12. Beer Drinking Accounts for Most of the Hazardous Alcohol Consumption Reported in the United States
    Rogers JD, Greenfield TK. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 60(6), 732-739.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  13. Cirrhosis Mortality and Per Capita Consumption of Distilled Spirits, United States, 1949-94: Trend Analysis
    Roizen R, Kerr WC, Fillmore KM. British Medical Journal. 319(7211), 666-670.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  14. The Relationship Between Alcohol Sales and Assault in New South Wales, Australia
    Stevenson RJ, Lind B, Weatherburn D. Addiction. 94(3), 397-410.
    Date: 1999 (archived)
  15. Time Series Analysis of Alcohol Consumption and Suicide Mortality in the United States, 1934-1987
    Caces F, Harford T. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 59(4), 455-461.
    Date: 1998 (archived)
  16. Hard Liquor Drinking is Associated with Higher Risk of Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx Than Wine Drinking. a Case-Control Study in Uruguay
    De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Oreggia F, Fierro L, Mendilaharsu M. Oral Oncology. 34(2), 99-104.
    Date: 1998 (archived)
  17. Intake of Beer, Wine, and Spirits and Risk of Stroke : The Copenhagen City Heart Study
    Truelsen T, Gronbaek M, Schnohr P, Boysen G. Stroke. 29(12), 2467-2472.
    Date: 1998 (archived)
  18. Red Wine, White Wine, Liquor, Beer, and Risk for Coronary Artery Disease Hospitalization
    Klatsky AL, Armstrong MA, Friedman GD. The American Journal of Cardiology. 80(4), 416-420.
    Date: 1997 (archived)
  19. Behavioral and Social Consequences Related to the Consumption of Different Beverage Types
    Smart RG. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 57(1), 77-84.
    Date: 1996 (archived)
  20. Association of the Waist-To-Hip Ratio is Different with Wine Than with Beer or Hard Liquor Consumption. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators
    Duncan BB, Chambless LE, Schmidt MI, Folsom AR, Szklo M, Crouse JR, 3rd . American Journal of Epidemiology. 142(10), 1034-1038.
    Date: 1995 (archived)
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