Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink Use among Us 12th-Grade Students: Prevalence, Correlates, and Associations with Unsafe Driving
    Martz, ME, Patrick, ME and Schulenberg, JE. Journal of Adolescent Health. 56(5), 557-563.
    Date: 2015
  2. A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Mixing Caffeinated Energy Drinks with Alcohol
    McKetin, R, Coen, A and Kaye, S. Drug and alcohol dependence. 151(15-30.
    Date: 2015
  3. Young Adults Who Mix Alcohol with Energy Drinks: Typology of Risk-Taking Behaviour
    Peacock, A and Bruno, R. Addictive behaviors. 45, 252-258.
    Date: 2015
  4. Use of Caffeinated Energy Drinks among Secondary School Students in Ontario: Prevalence and Correlates of Using Energy Drinks and Mixing with Alcohol
    Reid, JL, Hammond, D, McCrory, C, Dubin, JA and Leatherdale, ST. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 106(3), e101-e108.
    Date: 2015
  5. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks Are Robustly Associated with Patterns of Problematic Alcohol Consumption among Young Adult College Students
    Snipes, DJ, Jeffers, AJ, Green, BA and Benotsch, EG. Addictive behaviors. 41, 136-141.
    Date: 2015
  6. Effects of Mixing Alcohol with Energy Drink on Objective and Subjective Intoxication: Results from a Dutch on-Premise Study
    Verster, JC, Benjaminsen, J, Van Lanen, J, Van Stavel, N and Olivier, B. Psychopharmacology. 232(5), 835-842.
    Date: 2015
  7. Prevalence and Consequences of the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: A Literature Review
    Vida, K and Rácz, J. Journal of Caffeine Research. 5(1), 11-30.
    Date: 2015
  8. A Comparison of the Combined-Use of Alcohol & Energy Drinks to Alcohol-Only on High-Risk Drinking and Driving Behaviors
    Woolsey, CL, Jacobson, BH, Williams Jr, RD, Barry, AE, Davidson, RT, Evans Jr, MW and Beck, NC. Substance use & misuse. 50(1), 1-7.
    Date: 2015
  9. Is Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks Consumption Associated with Susceptibility to Smoking?
    Azagba, S and Sharaf, MF. Preventive medicine. 61, 26-28.
    Date: 2014
  10. Effects of Alcohol and Energy Drink on Mood and Subjective Intoxication: A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Crossover Study
    Benson, S and Scholey, A. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 29(4), 360-369.
    Date: 2014
  11. Effects of Mixing Alcohol with Caffeinated Beverages on Subjective Intoxication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Benson, S, Verster, JC, Alford, C and Scholey, A. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 47, 16-21.
    Date: 2014
  12. Combined Alcohol and Energy Drink Use: Motivations as Predictors of Consumption Patterns, Risk of Alcohol Dependence, and Experience of Injury and Aggression
    Droste, N, Tonner, L, Zinkiewicz, L, Pennay, A, Lubman, DI and Miller, P. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research. 38(7), 2087-2095.
    Date: 2014
  13. Energy Drink Consumption and the Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder among a National Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults
    Emond, JA, Gilbert-Diamond, D, Tanski, SE and Sargent, JD. The Journal of pediatrics. 165(6), 1194-1200.
    Date: 2014
  14. Consumption of Energy Drinks, Alcohol, and Alcohol‐Mixed Energy Drinks among Italian Adolescents
    Flotta, D, Micò, R, Nobile, CG, Pileggi, C, Bianco, A and Pavia, M. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research. 38(6), 1654-1661.
    Date: 2014
  15. High Rates of Alcohol Consumption and Related Harm at Schoolies Week: A Portal Study
    Lubman, DI, Droste, N, Pennay, A, Hyder, S and Miller, P. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health. 38(6), 536-541.
    Date: 2014
  16. Are All Alcohol and Energy Drink Users the Same? Examining Individual Variation in Relation to Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink Use, Risky Drinking, and Consequences
    Mallett, KA, Marzell, M, Scaglione, N, Hultgren, B and Turrisi, R. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 28(1), 97.
    Date: 2014
  17. Combined Alcohol and Energy Drink Use: Hedonistic Motives, Adenosine, and Alcohol Dependence
    Marczinski, CA. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research. 38(7), 1822-1825.
    Date: 2014
  18. Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol: What Are the Risks?
    Marczinski, CA and Fillmore, MT. Nutrition reviews. 72(suppl_1), 98-107.
    Date: 2014
  19. Combining Alcohol and Energy Drinks: An Examination of Psychosocial Constructs and Alcohol Outcomes among College Students Using a Longitudinal Design
    Marzell, M, Turrisi, R, Mallett, K, Ray, AE and Scaglione, NM. Addiction research & theory. 22(2), 91-97.
    Date: 2014
  20. Risk for Suicidal Behaviors Associated with Alcohol and Energy Drink Use in the Us Army
    Mash, HBH, Fullerton, CS, Ramsawh, HJ, Ng, THH, Wang, L, Kessler, RC, Stein, MB and Ursano, RJ. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. 49(9), 1379-1387.
    Date: 2014
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