Place

Restrictions imposed through licensing and regulation to limit alcohol availability can curb consumption by reducing the number, types and locations of alcohol outlets, and limiting hours and days of sale for both off-premise (e.g., liquor stores) and on-premise (e.g., bars and restaurants) sales. Privatization of alcohol sales, the process of giving the private sector the responsibility for selling alcohol, tends to result in significantly more off-premise outlets, higher prices for the consumer and increased rates of consumption compared to state government monopolies where the state is a market participant and sells the product. A major challenge in this literature is defining accessibility in a way that is relevant to both urban and rural areas and understanding contextual factors (e.g., socioeconomic factors, population, crime, type of product sold, type of outlet) that may contribute to the alcohol outlet environment.

Minimum Unit Pricing
Government Control
Licensing
Outlet Density
Hours and Days
Direct Shipping & Home Delivery
Server & Social Host Liability

The Sales and Marketing Practices of English‐Language Internet Alcohol Vendors

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  1. Regulation and Contract Choice in the Distribution of Wine
    Santiago M, Sykuta M. Journal of Wine Economics. 11(2), 216-232.
    Date: 2016
  2. Wine About It: A Study in the Evolution and Constitutionality of Direct-To-Consumer Alcohol Shipping Regulations
    Ventura AM. Seton Hall Law.. 599.
    Date: 2014
  3. The Sales and Marketing Practices of English‐Language Internet Alcohol Vendors
    Williams RS, Schmidt A. Addiction. 109(3), 432-439.
    Date: 2014
  4. Direct Ship Blowout: How the Supreme Court’s Granholm Decision Has Led to a Flood of Non-Taxed Wine Shipments
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    Date: 2010 (archived)
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    Riekhof GM, Sykuta ME. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 87(2), 439-452.
    Date: 2005 (archived)
  6. Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity: Research and Public Policy
    Babor TF, Caetano R, Casswell S, Griffith E, Giesbrecht N, Graham K, . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. .
    Date: 2003 (archived)
  7. Alcohol Home Delivery Services: A Source of Alcohol for Underage Drinkers
    Fletcher LA, Toomey TL, Wagenaar AC, Short B, Willenbring ML. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 61(1), 81-84.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  8. Wine Wars - Direct Shipment of Wine: The Twenty-First Amendment, the Commerce Clause, and Consumers’ Rights
    Martin SL. American Business Law Journal. 38(1), 1-40.
    Date: 2000 (archived)
  9. Sour Grapes on Capitol Hill. (Sale of Alcohol by Mail or Over the Internet)
    Moore WJ. National Journal. 29, 2424.
    Date: 1997 (archived)
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