Place

Restrictions imposed through licensing and regulation to limit alcohol availability can curb consumption by reducing the number, types and locations of alcohol outlets, and limiting hours and days of sale for both off-premise (e.g., liquor stores) and on-premise (e.g., bars and restaurants) sales. Privatization of alcohol sales, the process of giving the private sector the responsibility for selling alcohol, tends to result in significantly more off-premise outlets, higher prices for the consumer and increased rates of consumption compared to state government monopolies where the state is a market participant and sells the product. A major challenge in this literature is defining accessibility in a way that is relevant to both urban and rural areas and understanding contextual factors (e.g., socioeconomic factors, population, crime, type of product sold, type of outlet) that may contribute to the alcohol outlet environment.

Minimum Unit Pricing
Government Control
Licensing
Outlet Density
Hours and Days
Direct Shipping & Home Delivery
Server & Social Host Liability

The Impact of Extended Closing Times of Alcohol Outlets on Alcohol-Related Injuries in the Nightlife Areas of Amsterdam: A Controlled Before-And-After Evaluation

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Restrictions in Pub Closing Times and Lockouts in Newcastle, Australia Five Years On

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Impacts of Changes to Trading Hours of Liquor Licenses on Alcohol-Related Harm: A Systematic Review 2005–2015

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  1. Do Changes in Bar Opening Hours Influence Violence in the Night? Evidence from 13 Bavarian Towns
    Tesch F, Hohendorf L. Journal of Drug Issues. 48(2), 295-306.
    Date: 2018
  2. Liquor Legislation, Last Drinks, and Lockouts: The Newcastle (Australia) Solution
    Hoffman GR, Palazzi K, Oteng Boateng BK, Oldmeadow C. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 46(6), 740-745.
    Date: 2017
  3. Alcohol Trade Restrictions and Alcohol Consumption: on the Effectiveness of State Policy
    Kolosnitsyna MG, Khorkina NA, Sitdikov MT. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 28(5), 548-557.
    Date: 2017
  4. Do Consumers Exploit Commitment Opportunities? Evidence from Natural Experiments Involving Liquor Consumption
    Bernheim BD, Meer J, Novarro NK. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 8(4), 41-69.
    Date: 2016
  5. Play Hard, Shirk Hard? the Effect of Bar Hours Regulation on Worker Absence
    Green CP, Navarro Paniagua M. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 78(2), 248-264.
    Date: 2016
  6. The Effect of Short-Term Alcohol Restriction on Risk of Alcohol-Related Injury: A Statewide Population-Based Study
    Liang W GW, Chikritzhs T. International Journal of Drug Policy. 28, 55-59.
    Date: 2016
  7. The Effects of Extended Public Transport Operating Hours and Venue Lockout Policies on Drinking-Related Harms in Melbourne, Australia: Results from SIMDRINK, an Agent-Based Simulation Model
    Scott N, Hart A, Wilson J, Livingston M, Moore D, Dietze P. International Journal of Drug Policy. 32, 44-49.
    Date: 2016
  8. Impacts of Changes to Trading Hours of Liquor Licenses on Alcohol-Related Harm: A Systematic Review 2005–2015
    Wilkinson C, Livingston M, Room R. Public Health Research & Practice. 26(4).
    Date: 2016
  9. The Impact of Extended Closing Times of Alcohol Outlets on Alcohol-Related Injuries in the Nightlife Areas of Amsterdam: A Controlled Before-And-After Evaluation
    de Goeij MCM, Veldhuizen EM, Buster MCA, Kunst AE. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 110,955-964.
    Date: 2015
  10. Reducing Binge Drinking? The Effect of a Ban on Late-Night Off-Premise Alcohol Sales on Alcohol-Related Hospital Stays in Germany
    Marcus J, Siedler T. Journal of Public Economics. 123, 55-77.
    Date: 2015
  11. Did Liberalizing Bar Hours Decrease Traffic Accidents?
    Green CP, Heywood JS, Navarro M. Journal of Health Economics. 35, 189-198.
    Date: 2014
  12. Alcohol Availability and Crime: Lessons from Liberalized Weekend Sales Restrictions
    Grönqvist H, Niknami S. Journal of Urban Economics. 81, 77.
    Date: 2014
  13. Do Flexible Alcohol Trading Hours Reduce Violence? A Theory-Based Natural Experiment in Alcohol Policy
    Humphreys DK, Eisner MP. Social Science & Medicine. 102, 1-9.
    Date: 2014
  14. Restrictions in Pub Closing Times and Lockouts in Newcastle, Australia Five Years On
    Kypri K, McElduff P, Miller P. Drug and Alcohol Review. 33(3), 323-326.
    Date: 2014
  15. Evaluating the Impact of a Multi-Buy Discount Ban on Off-Trade Alcohol Sales: A Natural Experiment in Scotland, 2009-2012
    Robinson M, Geue C, Lewsey J, Mackay D, McCartney G, Curnock E, Beeston C. European Journal of Public Health. 24(suppl_2).
    Date: 2014
  16. Alcohol Outlet Business Hours and Violent Crime in New York State
    Schofield TP, Denson TF. Alcohol and Alcoholism [Doi: 10.1093/Alcalc/Agt003]. .
    Date: 2013 (archived)
  17. Commentary on Rossow and Norström (2012): When Should Bars Close?
    Graham K. Addiction. 107(3), 538-539.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  18. Relationships Between Local Enforcement, Alcohol Availability, Drinking Norms, and Adolescent Alcohol Use in 50 California Cities
    Paschall MJ, Grube JW, Thomas S, Cannon C. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 73(4), 657-665.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  19. The Impact of Small Changes in Bar Closing Hours on Violence: The Norwegian Experience from 18 Cities
    Rossow I, Norström T. Addiction. 107(3), 530-537.
    Date: 2012 (archived)
  20. Effects of Restricting Pub Closing Times on Night-Time Assaults in an Australian City
    Kypri K, Jones C, McElduff P, Barker D. Addiction. 106(2), 303-310.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
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