Place

Restrictions imposed through licensing and regulation to limit alcohol availability can curb consumption by reducing the number, types and locations of alcohol outlets, and limiting hours and days of sale for both off-premise (e.g., liquor stores) and on-premise (e.g., bars and restaurants) sales. Privatization of alcohol sales, the process of giving the private sector the responsibility for selling alcohol, tends to result in significantly more off-premise outlets, higher prices for the consumer and increased rates of consumption compared to state government monopolies where the state is a market participant and sells the product. A major challenge in this literature is defining accessibility in a way that is relevant to both urban and rural areas and understanding contextual factors (e.g., socioeconomic factors, population, crime, type of product sold, type of outlet) that may contribute to the alcohol outlet environment.

Minimum Unit Pricing
Government Control
Licensing
Outlet Density
Hours and Days
Direct Shipping & Home Delivery
Server & Social Host Liability

Measurable Effects of Local Alcohol Licensing Policies on Population Health in England

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The Effects of Liquor Licensing Restriction on Alcohol-Related Violence in NSW, 2008-13: Liquor Licensing Restrictions and Violence

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The Impact of Spatial and Temporal Availability of Alcohol on Its Consumption and Related Harms: A Critical Review in the Context of UK Licensing Policies

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Assessing the Validity of On-Premise Alcohol License Data in Six Communities in California: Operating Characteristics and Outlet Densities

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  1. Testing the Impact of Local Alcohol Licensing Policies on Reported Crime Rates in England
    de Vocht F, Heron J, Campbell R, Egan M, Mooney JD, Angus C, Hickman M. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 71(2), 137-145.
    Date: 2017
  2. Judicial Intervention in Alcohol Regulation: An Empirical Legal Analysis
    Muhunthan J, Angell B, Wilson A, Reeve B, Jan S. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 41(4), 365-370.
    Date: 2017
  3. Liquor Licenses Issued to Australian Schools
    Ward BM, Kippen R, Munro G, Buykx P, McBride N, Wiggers J, Clark M. BMC Public Health. 18(1), 1-9.
    Date: 2017
  4. Measurable Effects of Local Alcohol Licensing Policies on Population Health in England
    de Vocht F, Heron J, Angus C, Brennan A, Mooney J, Lock K, Hickman M. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 70(3), 231-237.
    Date: 2016
  5. Inferring the Intervention Effect of Local Alcohol Licensing Policies on Hospital Admission and Violent Crime: A Natural Experiment with Bayesian Synthetic Controls
    de Vocht FD, Tilling KP, Campbell RP, Hickman MP. The Lancet. 388, S43-S43.
    Date: 2016
  6. Do Cumulative Impact Zones Reduce Alcohol Availability in UK High Streets? Assessment of a Natural Experiment Introducing a New Licensing Policy
    Pliakas TM, Egan MP, Gibbons J, Ashton CM, Hart J, Lock KP. The Lancet. 388, S94-S94.
    Date: 2016
  7. The Effects of Liquor Licensing Restriction on Alcohol-Related Violence in NSW, 2008-13: Liquor Licensing Restrictions and Violence
    Menéndez P, Tusell F, Weatherburn D. Addiction. 110(10), 1574-1582.
    Date: 2015
  8. The Impact of Spatial and Temporal Availability of Alcohol on Its Consumption and Related Harms: A Critical Review in the Context of UK Licensing Policies
    Holmes J, Guo Y, Maheswaran R, Nicholls J, Meier PS, Brennan A. Drug and Alcohol Review. 33(5), 515-525.
    Date: 2014
  9. Changes in Injury-Related Hospital Emergency Department Presentations Associated with the Imposition of Regulatory Versus Voluntary Licensing Conditions on Licensed Venues in Two Cities: Alcohol-Related ED Presentations
    Miller P, Curtis A, Palmer D, Busija L, Tindall J, Droste N, Wiggers J. Drug and Alcohol Review. 33(3), 314-322.
    Date: 2014
  10. Assessing the Validity of On-Premise Alcohol License Data in Six Communities in California: Operating Characteristics and Outlet Densities
    Ponicki WR, Gruenewald PJ, Remer LG, Martin SE, Treno AJ. Substance Use & Misuse. 49(1-2), 51-58.
    Date: 2014
  11. What Police Want from Liquor Licensing Legislation: The Australian Perspective
    Trifonoff A, Nicholas R, Roche AM, Steenson T, Andrew R. Police Practice and Research. 15(4), 293-306.
    Date: 2014
  12. Alcohol Controls and Violence in Nunavut: A Comparison of Wet and Dry Communities
    Wood DS. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 70 (1), 19-28.
    Date: 2011 (archived)
  13. What Are the Policy Lessons of National Alcohol Prohibition in the United States, 1920-1933?
    Hall W. Addiction. 10-Jan.
    Date: 2010 (archived)
  14. “Responsive Regulation” Theory and the Sale of Liquor Act
    Hill L, Stewart L. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand (pp. 49-65). .
    Date: 1998 (archived)
  15. The Public Interest and Liquor Licenses in Ontario
    Kulis RE. Contemporary Drug Problems. 25, 85-97.
    Date: 1998 (archived)
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