Place
Restrictions imposed through licensing and regulation to limit alcohol availability can curb consumption by reducing the number, types and locations of alcohol outlets, and limiting hours and days of sale for both off-premise (e.g., liquor stores) and on-premise (e.g., bars and restaurants) sales. Privatization of alcohol sales, the process of giving the private sector the responsibility for selling alcohol, tends to result in significantly more off-premise outlets, higher prices for the consumer and increased rates of consumption compared to state government monopolies where the state is a market participant and sells the product. A major challenge in this literature is defining accessibility in a way that is relevant to both urban and rural areas and understanding contextual factors (e.g., socioeconomic factors, population, crime, type of product sold, type of outlet) that may contribute to the alcohol outlet environment.
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- How Similar Are Youth and Adult Alcohol Behaviors?Nelson J. Atlantic Economic Journal. 36(1), 89-104.Date: 2008 (archived)
- Examining Multi-Level Relationships Between Bars, Hostility and Aggression: Social Selection and Social InfluenceTreno AJ, Gruenewald PJ, Remer LG, Johnson F, Lascala EA. Addiction. 103(1), 66-77.Date: 2008 (archived)
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- Limits on Outlet Density and Location: Effects on Traffic SafetyGruenewald PJ. Paper presented at the Traffic Safety and Alcohol Regulation: A Symposium. Irvine, CA.Date: 2007 (archived)
- Is Commercial Alcohol Availability Related to Adolescent Alcohol Sources and Alcohol Use?Paschall MJ, Grube JW, Black C, Ringwalt CL. Journal of Adolescent Health. 41(2), 168-174.Date: 2007 (archived)
- The Impact of Outlet Densities on Alcohol-Related Crashes: A Spatial Panel ApproachTreno AJ, Johnson FW, Remer LG, Gruenewald PJ. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 39(5), 894-901.Date: 2007 (archived)
- Ecological Models of Alcohol Outlets and Violent Assaults: Crime Potentials and Geospatial AnalysisGruenewald PJ, Freisthler B, Remer L, LaScala EA, Treno AJ. Addiction. 101(5), 666-677.Date: 2006 (archived)
- Alcohol Availability and Crime: A Robust ApproachGyimah-Brempong K, Racine J. Applied Economics. 38(11), 1293-1307.Date: 2006 (archived)
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- Drug ‘Hot-Spots’, Alcohol Availability and ViolenceGorman DM, Zhu L, Horel S. Drug and Alcohol Review. 24(6), 507-513.Date: 2005 (archived)
- Alcohol Outlets and Child Physical Abuse and Neglect: Applying Routine Activities theory to the Study of Child MaltreatmentFreisthler B, Midanik LT, Gruenewald PJ. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 65(5), 586-592.Date: 2004 (archived)
- New Mexico’s 1998 Drive-Up Liquor Window Closure. Study I: Effect on Alcohol-Involved CrashesLapham SC, Gruenewald PJ, Remer L, Layne L. Addiction. 99(5), 598-606.Date: 2004 (archived)
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- Alcohol Outlet Density and Violence: A Geospatial AnalysisZhu L, Gorman DM, Horel S. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 39(4), 369-375.Date: 2004 (archived)
- Evaluating Alcohol Access and the Alcohol Environment in Neighborhood AreasFreisthler B, Gruenewald PJ, Treno AJ, Lee J. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 27(3), 477-484.Date: 2003 (archived)
- Effects of Communities, Neighborhoods and Stores on Retail Pricing and Promotion of BeerHarwood EM, Erickson DJ, Fabian LEA, Jones-Webb R, Slater S, Chaloupka FJ. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 64(5), 720-726.Date: 2003 (archived)