Place

Restrictions imposed through licensing and regulation to limit alcohol availability can curb consumption by reducing the number, types and locations of alcohol outlets, and limiting hours and days of sale for both off-premise (e.g., liquor stores) and on-premise (e.g., bars and restaurants) sales. Privatization of alcohol sales, the process of giving the private sector the responsibility for selling alcohol, tends to result in significantly more off-premise outlets, higher prices for the consumer and increased rates of consumption compared to state government monopolies where the state is a market participant and sells the product. A major challenge in this literature is defining accessibility in a way that is relevant to both urban and rural areas and understanding contextual factors (e.g., socioeconomic factors, population, crime, type of product sold, type of outlet) that may contribute to the alcohol outlet environment.

  1. Adolescents’ Experiences and Perceived (Dis)Advantages of the Three Main Outlet Types for Alcohol Purchases
    Gosselt JF, Strump T, van Hoof JJ. Journal of Health Psychology. 21(12), 3016-3025.
    Date: 2015
  2. Evaluating the Effects of a Large Increase in Off-Sale Alcohol Outlets on Motor Vehicle Crashes: A Time-Series Analysis
    Han D, Shipp EM, Gorman DM. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 22(4), 320-327.
    Date: 2015
  3. Minimum Prices for Alcohol and Educational Disparities in Alcohol-Related Mortality
    Herttua K, Mäkelä P, Martikainen P. Epidemiology. 26(3), 337-343.
    Date: 2015
  4. The Effect of Alcohol Outlets, Sales and Trading Hours on Alcohol-Related Injuries Presenting at Emergency Departments in Perth, Australia, from 2002 to 2010: Effect of Alcohol Outlets, Sales and Hours
    Hobday M, Chikritzhs T, Liang W, Meuleners L. Addiction. 110(12), 1901-1909.
    Date: 2015
  5. The Role of Alcohol Policies in Preventing Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of the Literature
    Kearns MC, Reidy DE, Valle LA. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 76(1), 21-30.
    Date: 2015
  6. Western Australian Public Opinions of a Minimum Pricing Policy for Alcohol: Study Protocol
    Keatley DA, Carragher N, Chikritzhs T, Daube M, Hardcastle SJ, Hagger MS. JMIR Research Protocols. 4(4), e127.
    Date: 2015
  7. Analysis of Price Changes in Washington Following the 2012 Liquor Privatization
    Kerr WC, Williams E, Greenfield TK. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 50(6), 654-660.
    Date: 2015
  8. Reducing Binge Drinking? The Effect of a Ban on Late-Night Off-Premise Alcohol Sales on Alcohol-Related Hospital Stays in Germany
    Marcus J, Siedler T. Journal of Public Economics. 123, 55-77.
    Date: 2015
  9. The Effects of Liquor Licensing Restriction on Alcohol-Related Violence in NSW, 2008-13: Liquor Licensing Restrictions and Violence
    Menéndez P, Tusell F, Weatherburn D. Addiction. 110(10), 1574-1582.
    Date: 2015
  10. Are Barroom and Neighborhood Characteristics Independently Related to Local‐Area Assaults?
    Morrison C, Mair CF, Lee JP, Gruenewald PJ. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 39(12), 2463-2470.
    Date: 2015
  11. High Alcohol Concentration Products Associated with Poverty and State Alcohol Policies
    Rossheim ME, Thombs DL, Aryal S. American Journal of Public Health. 105(9), 1886-1892.
    Date: 2015
  12. The Association of Alcohol Outlet Density with Illegal Underage Adolescent Purchasing of Alcohol
    Rowland B, Toumbourou J, Livingston M. Journal of Adolescent Health. 56(2), 146-152.
    Date: 2015
  13. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Relationship Between Tobacco and Alcohol Outlet Density and Neighborhood Deprivation
    Shortt NK, Tisch C, Pearce J, Mitchell R, Richardson EA, Hill S, Collin J. BMC Public Health. 15(1), 1014.
    Date: 2015
  14. Alcohol Outlets, Social Disorganization, and Robberies: Accounting for Neighborhood Characteristics and Alcohol Outlet Types
    Snowden AJ, Freiburger TL. Social Science Research. 51, 145-162.
    Date: 2015
  15. Relationships Between Minimum Alcohol Pricing and Crime During the Partial Privatization of a Canadian Government Alcohol Monopoly
    Stockwell, T, Zhao, J, Marzell, M, Gruenewald, PJ, Macdonald, S, Ponicki, WR and Martin, G. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 76(4), 628-634.
    Date: 2015
  16. Alcohol Consumption and Liver Cirrhosis Mortality After Lifting Ban on Beer Sales in Country with State Alcohol Monopoly
    Tyrfingsson T, Olafsson S, Bjornsson ES, Rafnsson V. European Journal of Public Health. 25(4), 729.
    Date: 2015
  17. Peer Reviewed: Changes in Density of On-Premises Alcohol Outlets and Impact on Violent Crime, Atlanta, Georgia, 1997–2007
    Zhang X, Hatcher B, Clarkson L, Holt J, Bagchi S, Kanny D, Brewer RD. Preventing Chronic Disease. 12.
    Date: 2015
  18. Neighborhood Availability of Alcohol Outlets and Hazardous Alcohol Consumption in New Zealand
    Ayuka F BR, Pearce J. Health & Place. 29, 186-199.
    Date: 2014
  19. Evaluating the Impact of Getting to Outcomes–Underage Drinking on Prevention Capacity and Alcohol Merchant Attitudes and Selling Behaviors
    Chinman M, Ebener P, Burkhart Q, Osilla KC, Imm P, Paddock SM, Wright PA. Prevention Science. 15(4), 485-496.
    Date: 2014
  20. Do Neighborhood Demographics, Crime Rates, and Alcohol Outlet Density Predict Incidence, Severity, and Outcome of Hospitalization for Traumatic Injury? A Cross-Sectional Study of Dallas County, Texas, 2010
    Cook A, Gonzalez JR, Balasubramanian BA. Injury Epidemiology. 1,1-11.
    Date: 2014
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