Product

Given beer, wine and spirits have different ethanol content, sales volume and drinker type preferences (e.g., heavy, moderate, underage), and thereby have differential health effects, governments often apply distinct regulations to each beverage type to help control their use. Such control measures include differences in where and when beverage types can be sold, advertising restrictions, tax rates and labeling requirements. While historically the U.S. has adopted more stringent regulations for spirits, and research supports the more stringent treatment of spirits, harms related to beverage type, particularly those higher alcohol content products, such as spirits, remains an understudied area.  

Energy Drinks
Health Risks
Drinking Patterns
Standard Drinks
  1. Using Drink Size to Talk About Drinking During Pregnancy: Early Start Plus
    Witbrodt J, Kaskutas LA, Diehl S, Armstrong MA, Escobar GJ, Taillac C, . Journal of Addictions Nursing. 18(4), 199-206.
    Date: 2007 (archived)
  2. Average Volume of Alcohol Consumed, Type of Beverage, Drinking Pattern and the Risk of Death from All Causes
    Baglietto L, English DR, Hopper JL, Powles J, Giles GG. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 41(6), 664-671.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  3. Alcohol and Cancer
    Boffetta P, Hashibe M. The Lancet Oncology. 7(2), 149-156.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  4. Effects of Energy Drink Ingestion on Alcohol Intoxication
    Ferreira SE, de Mello MT, Pompeia S, de Souza-Formigoni ML. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(4), 598-605.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  5. Type of Alcoholic Beverage and the Risk of Laryngeal Cancer
    Garavello W, Bosetti C, Gallus S, Maso LD, Negri E, Franceschi S, . European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 15(1), 69-73.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  6. Alcohol Intake, Consumption Pattern and Beverage Type, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
    Hodge AM, English DR, O’Dea K, Giles GG. Diabetic Medicine. 23(6), 690-697.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  7. Food Buying Habits of People Who Buy Wine or Beer: Cross Sectional Study
    Johansen D, Friis K, Skovenborg E, Gronbark M. British Medical Journal. 332(7540), 519-522.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  8. How Many Drinks Does It Take You to Feel Drunk?
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Midanik LT. Addiction. 101(10), 1428-1437.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  9. Estimates of the Mean Alcohol Concentration of the Spirits, Wine, and Beer Sold in the United States and Per Capita Consumption: 1950 to 2002
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Tujague J. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(9), 1583-1591.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  10. The Alcohol Content of Wine Consumed in the United States and Per Capita Consumption: New Estimates Reveal Different Trends
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Tujague J, Brown SE. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(3), 516-522.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  11. ‘I Drink Spirits to Get Drunk and Block Out My Problems...’ Beverage Preference, Drinking Motives and Alcohol Use in Adolescence
    Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 41(5), 566-573.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  12. Clubgoers and their Trendy Cocktails: Implications of Mixing Caffeine into Alcohol on Information Processing and Subjective Reports of Intoxication
    Marczinski CA, Fillmore MT. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 14(4), 450-458.
    Date: 2006 (archived)
  13. A Drink is a Drink? Variation in the Amount of Alcohol Contained in Beer, Wine and Spirits drinks in a United States Methodological Sample
    Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Tujague J, Brown SE. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 29(11), 2015-2021.
    Date: 2005 (archived)
  14. Alcohol Intake in Relation to Body Mass Index and Waist-To-Hip Ratio: The Importance of Type of Alcoholic Beverage
    Lukasiewicz E, Mennen LI, Bertrais S, Arnault N, Preziosi P, Galan P, . Public Health Nutrition. 8(3), 315-320.
    Date: 2005 (archived)
  15. Wine, Beer and Spirits and Risk of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer: A Case-Control Study from Italy and Switzerland
    Altieri A, Bosetti C, Gallus S, Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Talamini R, . Oral Oncology. 40(9), 904-909.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
  16. High Alcohol Consumption in Germany: Results of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998
    Burger M, Mensink GB. Public Health Nutrition. 7(7), 879-884.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
  17. The Role of Type of Tobacco and Type of Alcoholic Beverage in Oral Carcinogenesis
    Castellsague X, Quintana MJ, Martinez MC, Nieto A, Sanchez MJ, Juan A, . International Journal of Cancer. 108(5), 741-749.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
  18. Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome: Does the Type of Beverage Matter?
    Djoussé L, Arnett DK, Eckfeldt JH, Province MA, Singer MR, Ellison RC. Obesity Research. 12(9), 1375-1385.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
  19. Eating, Drinking and Being Depressed: The Social, Cultural and Psychological Context of Alcohol Consumption and Nutrition in a Brazilian Community
    Dressler WW, Ribeiro RP, Balieiro MC, Oths KS, Dos Santos JE. Social Science & Medicine. 59(4), 709-720.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
  20. Does an Energy Drink Modify the Effects of Alcohol in a Maximal Effort Test?
    Ferreira SE, de Mello MT, Rossi MV, Souza-Formigoni ML. Alcoholism: Clinical and Eperimental Research. 28(9), 1408-1412.
    Date: 2004 (archived)
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